Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2
Assigments 2 & 31. Find the explanation about degrees of comparison!
How many types of comparison degrees are there?
Give 5 examples for each type!
2. What do you know about question words? explain and give some examples?
3. Find 5W + 1H in english newspaper! (only 1 news)
Explain one by one!
4. Explain clearly about these 3 subjects!
1. Active and passive sentences
2. Relative / Adjective clauses
3. Conditional sentences / if - clauses
Answer!!
1. Comparison can be made using the three forms of the adjective.
eg. The lion is a strong animal. Rita is a beautiful girl.
Adjectives are of three degrees.
(1) Positive (2) Comparative (3) Superlative
David is a rich man.
Cancel is more dreadful than cholera.
Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world. Study the following models.
Positive Comparative Superlative
Very few boys in the class are as tall as John. John is taller than any other boys in the class. John is the tallest boy in the class.
John is taller than most other boys in the class. John is one of the tallest boy in the class.
Adjective and Adverbs have three degrees, Positive, Comparative and Superlative.
The Pasitive Degree is used to denote the mere existence of quality.The Positive Degree of an adjective in comparison is the adjective in its simple form. It is used to denote the mere existence of some quality of what we speak about. It is used when no comparison is made.
It is a tall building.
Apple is sweet to taste.
The Comparative Degree is used to compare the qualities of two persons or things.The Comparative Degree denotes the existence of a higher degree of the quality than the positive. It is used when two things (or two sets of things) are compared.
This building is taller than any other building.
Apple is sweeter than pear.
The Superlative Degree denotes the existence of the highest degree of the quality. It is used when more than two things are compared.
This is the tallest building.
Apple is the sweetest fruit.
The Superlative Degree is used when more than two nouns or things are compared.
Johnsy is kind (Positive Degree)
Johnsy is kinder than Rosy (Comparative Degree)
Johnsy is the kindest of all (Superlative Degree)
2. WHO
-WHO is only used when referring to people. (= I want to know the person)
•Who is the best football player in the world?
•Who are your best friends?
•Who is that strange guy over there?
WHERE
-WHERE is used when referring to a place or location. (= I want to know the place)
•Where is the library?
•Where do you live?
•Where are my shoes?
WHEN
-WHEN is used to refer to a time or an occasion. (= I want to know the time)
•When do the shops open?
•When is his birthday?
•When are we going to finish?
WHY
-WHY is used to obtain an explanation or a reason. (= I want to know the reason)
•Why do we need a nanny?
•Why are they always late?
•Why does he complain all the time?
•Normally the response begins with "Because..."
WHAT
-WHAT is used to refer to specific information. (= I want to know the thing)
•What is your name?
•What is her favourite colour?
•What is the time?
WHICH
-WHICH is used when a choice needs to be made. (= I want to know the thing between alternatives)
•Which drink did you order – the rum or the beer?
•Which day do you prefer for a meeting – today or tomorrow?
•Which is better - this one or that one?
HOW
-HOW is used to describe the manner that something is done. (= I want to know the way)
•How do you cook paella?
•How does he know the answer?
•How can I learn English quickly?
-With HOW there are a number of other expressions that are used in questions:
•How much – refers to a quantity or a price (uncountable nouns)
•How much time do you have to finish the test?
•How much is the jacket on display in the window?
•How much money will I need?
•How many – refers to a quantity (countable nouns)
•How many days are there in April?
•How many people live in this city?
•How many brothers and sister do you have?
3. The Five Ws, Five Ws and one H, 5W1H, or the Six Ws are questions whose answers are considered basic in information-gathering or problem-solving. They are often mentioned in journalism (cf. news style), research, and police investigations. They constitute a formula for getting the complete story on a subject. According to the principle of the Five Ws, a report can only be considered complete if it answers these questions starting with an interrogative word.
Who did that?
What happened?
When did it take place?
Where did it take place?
Why did that happen?
Some authors add a sixth question, “how”, to the list, though "how" can also be covered by "what", "when", or "where"
How did it happen?
Each question should have a factual answer — facts necessary to include for a report to be considered complete. Importantly, none of these questions can be answered with a simple "yes" or "no".
In the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland), the Five Ws are used in Key Stage 2 and Key Stage 3 lessons.
4. 1.PASSIVE VOICE
Kalimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan.
Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:
Aktif : Susi mengetik surat ini kemarin
Pasif : Surat ini diketik oleh Susi kemarin
Aktif : Kucingku membunuh seekor tikus
Pasif : Seekor tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku
Catatan:
Gunakan bentuk pasif jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting.
Contoh:
Menara ini dibangun tahun 1955
Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan, gunakan kata oleh (by)
Contoh:
Menara ini telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955
Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif
Aktif : S + Verb (Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll
Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll
To be yang digunakan
Present : is, am, are
Past : was, were
Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)
Future : be (setelah modals)
Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)
Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat
Untuk menyatakan suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasif, tenses tidak berubah. Tenses harus sama dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Yang berubah hanya kata kerja-nya.
Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll.
Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif
1.Jack sings a song (active)
A song is sung by Jack (Passive)
2.Jack sang a song yesterday (active)
A song was sung by Jack yesterday (passive)
3.Jack has sung a song (active)
A song has been sung by Jack (passive)
4.Jack will sing a song (active)
A song will be sung by Jack (passive)
5.Jack is singing a song (active)
A song is being sung by Jack (passive)
6.Jack can sing a song (active)
A song can be sung by Jack (passive)
Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive
1) Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III
Help the poor (active)
Let the poor be helped (passive)
2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time
Rumus:
It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III
It is time to send the letter (active)
It is time for the letter to be sent (passive)
3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive
(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)
Don�t wait for me (active)
You are advised not to wait for me (passive)
4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception
Rumus
Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III
(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)
This food tastes delicious (active)
This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive)
5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by �that-clause�
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.
We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)
6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements
I consider her very pretty (active)
She is considered very pretty (passive)
7) Passive Sentence with two objects
He gave me a book (active)
A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
I was given a book by him (passive 2)
8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs
The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)
9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence
Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.
We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.
10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need
This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
This wall needs painting
2. Conditional Sentences (if-clause)
Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.
more on Conditional Sentences Type I ►
Conditional Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
more on Conditional Sentences Type II ►
Conditional Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)
Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Conditional Sentences Type I (likely)
